00100		To edit the last item entered no number is needed  after  the
00200	letter  I.  In  this  set of examples typing I <cr> will go into edit
00300	mode for item 4.  To back up from this point, -2 <cr> (no  "I")  will
00400	move to  item  2,  or  I2  <cr>  would do the same thing.  These last
00500	mentioned commands will work only if there have been no changes  made
00600	in the  item currently indicated by the cursor.  If changes have been
00700	made single negative numbers or the letter I will be ignored  by  the
00800	program.  The  only  valid commands are further parameter changes, an
00900	"X" or <cr> to terminate  the  editing  of  that  item,  the  letters
01000	L,R,U,D,  the  letter  "C"  (for  COPY),  "P" followed by a parameter
01100	number or "DEL".
01200	
01300		The letters L, R, U and D, followed by a number, may be  used
01400	for moving  an  item  left, right, up or down.  L6 <cr>, for example,
01500	would move an item 6 units to the left. D4 would move it 4 note level
01600	units down. L5.5 U7 <cr> would move it left 5.5 units and up 7 units.
01700	If no number is given after one of these letters the number last used
01800	for that  coordinate  will  be  applied.  D6 will move an item down 6
01900	units.  If U <cr> is then typed the item will go up 6 units - or back
02000	to its  original  position.  When no number is used only one of these
02100	letter commands may be used at a time.
02200	
02300		With  "C" the original form of the item remains unchanged and
02400	a copy of the item in the edited form is added on to the  total  list
02500	of  items.  Here a special situation arises when dealing with staves.
02600	The only point in using "C" with staves is if the list of  parameters
02700	changes includes a change in P2, the staff number.  For example, type
02800	I1.  The parameter list will now contain:
02900	
03000		8 0 10 4 0 190	(The  size factor is actually 1 even though a
03100	zero appears in P5.)
03200	
03300		Then type 2 1 400 -6. This will put the edited form of item 1
03400	up to staff position 1 but with a relative shift down  6  note  level
03500	units from where it would otherwise appear. Now C <cr> will make this
03600	form of item 1 into item 5 and the program will exit from  edit  mode
03700	and say, "TYPE FOR ITEM 6".
03800	
03900		Each time parameters are  changed  while  in  edit  mode  the
04000	original list  of parameters is printed out.  To see the exact edited
04100	value of any parameter, type Pn, where n is a parameter number.  Only
04200	one parameter at a time may be examined in this manner.
04300	
04400		Once in edit mode, an item may be deleted by typing DEL <cr>.
04500	If  any  changes have been made before, this command will be ignored.
04600	So to delete item 2, type I2 <cr>, then DEL <cr>.  Item 2  (the staff
04700	that  was at position 5) has now disappeared and the cursor has moved
04800	on to the next item.  Internally, all the items  are  now  renumbered
04900	from this item on.  If this next item is not to be changed, then type
05000	X to exit from edit mode.
05100	
     

00100	
00200		The  various  staves  to  be used are best entered before any
00300	other objects.  After that the notes and  various other  symbols  are
00400	usually entered  with  a  variant  of  "SCORE" notation.  (SCORE is a
00500	notation system for creating  input  for  computer  sound  generating
00600	programs.)  However before going into SCORE notation it would be well
00700	to discuss the various possible parameters of a single note  and  the
00800	relation of the note to the staff.
00900	
01000		To make a fresh beginning hit the "CALL" key.  This takes you
01100	out of the MS program. Then type R MS <cr> and a fresh version of the
01200	program will be in operation. Enter a staff at level zero by typing 8
01300	<cr>. A single note can have as many as 12 parameters and some of the
01400	parameters will serve double duty.  For a resume of the functions  of
01500	all the parameters refer to the referance manual, MSS.LCS[UP,DOC].
01600	
01700		Now type 1 0 100 1 <cr>. A note, with no stem, will appear on
01800	the first ledger line below staff zero.  Notes on the CRT are made up
01900	of only 6 lines, to conserve display vectors.  When hard copy is made
02000	they appear  in the conventional manner.  Of the parameters that have
02100	been typed the first is the code number for notes, 1. P2 is the staff
02200	number to  which  the  note  will  be attached.  P3 is the horizontal
02300	position number and P4 is the vertical, note level position.
02400	
02500		At this  point another editing feature will be mentioned.  In
02600	most cases the last item entered may be moved about with the L, R, U,
02700	and  D  commands  without formally entering edit mode just so long no
02800	other items have meanwhile been edited.  So at this point typing  L50
02900	U3  <cr>  will  move  the note half way toward the left side and up 3
03000	note levels - to the lowest space on the staff.  Since we are not  in
03100	edit  mode,  when  the note moves there is no "original" left behind.
03200	Now typing R <cr> will move the note right  50  units,  back  to  the
03300	center of  the screen.  D <cr> moves it down 3 units, to its original
03400	position.
03500	
03600		To add more parameters to the note we must enter edit mode by
03700	typing I <cr>.  No number is necessary since the note  was  the  last
03800	item  entered.  With  notes, P5 is used to indicate the presence of a
03900	stem and its direction and  the  presence  of  accidentals.  P5  will
04000	usually  be  a  two  digit number where the first digit contains stem
04100	information and the second digit can indicate an accidental.  Type  3
04200	110 5 10. Changing P3 will move the note over so that all the changes
04300	can be clearly seen.  The 10 in  P5  will cause  an  upward  stem  to
04400	appear.  The second digit is zero so there is no accidental.
04500	
04600		Now type 5 20.  This causes the stem to go downward. 
04700	
04800		Now type 500 1.  This causes a relative change of +1  in  P5,
04900	thus  the  second digit is now one and a flat will appear in front of
05000	the note.
05100	
05200		Type  5  12.   The stem will go up (first digit is 1) and the
05300	accidental will be a sharp (the second digit is 2).  For  the  second
05400	digit:  1 = flat, 2 = sharp, 3 = natural, 4 = double flat, 5 = double
05500	sharp.
05600	
05700	
     

00100	
00200		It will be sometimes necessary to move the accidental away from the
00300	note, to the left. (This happens in many chordal formations.) The accidental
00400	may be pushed to the left by putting numbers to the right of the decimal
00500	point in P5. Type 5 12.2 <cr>. This will cause the sharp to move two
00600	horizontal units to the left of the note. 5 12.15 puts the sharp one and a 
00700	half units to the left of the note.
00800	
00900		P7 works in the same manner as P5 execpt that the first digit refers
01000	to the number of dots to be found after the note and the second digit sets
01100	the number of tails which will be attached to the stem. 7 12 puts a dot
01200	after the note and two tails on the stem. (1/16 note.) Numbers after the
01300	decimal point will move the dot to the right.
01400	
01500		P8 will control the length of the stem. Here, a zero will give the
01600	standard stem length (one octave.) (For internal reasons in the program a
01700	zero is turned into the number 999.) In cases of notes with more than one
01800	tail the standard stem length is somewhat extended. Numbers put into P8 will
01900	change the stem length by note level units. Type 8 -1.5 . The stem will
02000	become 1.5 units shorter. Type 800 3 . The stem will now have 3 units added
02100	to its former length. It is now 1.5 units longer than the standard.
02200	
02300		To this point we have been dealing with a black note, for rhythmic
02400	values of a quarter note or shorter duration. To make this note into a half
02500	note type 6 -1 . Of course the tails on the stem are now meaningless. Type
02600	700 -2 to remove them. This zeros the second digit of P7. To change the note
02700	to a whole note the stem must be removed. For this, type 500 -10 . This zeros
02800	the first digit of P5 without changing the accidental and its displacement.
02900	If X is typed we should now have a whole note in the bottom space of the
03000	staff (F, if it were using treble clef) at horizontal position 110, with a
03100	sharp spaced to the left and a dot to the right. If we type I to enter edit
03200	mode for this note once more the entire parameter list will print out.
03300		1 0 110 4 2.15 -1 10 1.5
03400	
03500		You will notice P8 has information about stem length however this is
03600	ignored since P5, having no first digit, tells us that there is no stem.
03700	
03800		The principle use for P9 is to store rhythmic-spatial values. These
03900	are used by the part-extractor and page lay out program. Otherwise, a -1 in
04000	P9 will suppress any ledger lines that normally would appear with a note.
04100	The principle use of P10 is to cause notes to appear on either the staff
04200	above the one indicated by P2 (P10 = 2) or on the staff below (P10 = 1.)
04300	This is needed in piano and harp music. More will be said about this in the
04400	discussion of beams.
04500	
     

00100	
00200		P11 is used for adding various marks to the note. Up to two different
00300	marks at once may be indicated by P11. Type 11 5. Now an accent will appear
00400	under the note. 11 9 will change this to a heavy wedge accent. To put two
00500	marks on the note P11 may be thought of as having 4 digits. Each set of 2
00600	digits refers to one mark. Type 905. This means the first 2 digits are 09 and
00700	the second 2 are 05. This will give an accent under the note and a dash below
00800	that. In cases where it matters, the mark indicated by the first 2 digits will
00900	always be the farthest from the note. For a complete list of possible marks
01000	see the list under code number 9 in the MS.REF file. Experiment with several
01100	of the numbers to get a feel for the possibilities. Note that any of the
01200	symbols found under code number 9 can be applied to a note as independent
01300	items. In this case the items must be positioned visually and if the note is
01400	later moved the marks must be moved separately.
01500	
01600		Some different note shapes are available through the use of P4. Add 100
01700	to P4 to make mini-notes, or grace notes. +200 makes a diamond shape, +300 makes
01800	"X" notes. +400 makes invisible note heads. Type 300 10  400 100  500 10  6 0.
01900	The note will be moved 10 units to the right. (10 has been added to P3.) The
02000	note has become a mini-note. (100 has been added to P4.) The note now has an
02100	upward stem (10 has been to P5.) The note has become solid, or black. (P6 is
02200	now zero.) P8 once more has signifance because the note has a stem. Type 8 0
02300	to make the stem become the standard size. 
02400	
02500		Next try typing 4 202. The note will move down to the level of a
02600	treble clef D because of the right-hand digit 2. The note becomes a diamond
02700	shape because 200 has been added to the note level number.
02800	
02900		Type 400 100. This adds 100 more to the value of P4, making the total
03000	302. The left hand 3 now makes the note into an "X" shape, as is often used
03100	for percussion parts.
03200	
03300		Type 4 406. The 400 added to the note level number causes the note
03400	head to be invisible. The stem remains however, moving upward from position
03500	6, the space for treble clef A.
03600	
03700		The number 500 added to the note level number will call upon whatever
03800	special notation package that has been added to the program. The use of this
03900	feature will be explained later.
04000	
04100		At this point it would be well to review the parameter resume for notes
04200	given in MS.REF. In the same file look over page 8-2 on "HOW TO CHANGE
04300	PARAMETERS". Experiment with all the material covered so far so that the
04400	possibilities are well understood.
04500	
     

00100		Entering complete lines of music - SCORE input mode.
00200	
00300		Putting in very many notes in the manner described above would be quite
00400	slow work. A method has been devised whereby elements of the SCORE notation
00500	system may be used for the major part of the input. Notes are referred to by
00600	their letter names and rhythms by their numerical values or letter names. Other
00700	musical symbols referred to by letters which are fairly easy to remember.
00800	
00900		The main rules for this type of input are that a slash (/) must come
01000	at end of each rhythmic unit or musical symbol entered and the last item ends
01100	instead with a semi-colon.
01200	
01300		All typing must begin in the first available space. Several lines of
01400	typing may be entered for one line of music. If more than one line is used the
01500	first lines must each end with a slash. The final line of typing must end with
01600	a semicolon. No more than 72 characters can appear on any input line.
01700	
01800		 The SCORE system can be described as a multi-pass
01900	input language. The first pass or string of input will include all the things
02000	which will require some specific amount of horizontal space. These include
02100	notes, rests, clefs, bar lines, key signatures and meter numbers. For notes,
02200	the standard alphabetical names are used; C,D,E,F,G,A,B. For accidentals: F
02300	= flat, S = sharp, N = natural, FF = double flat, SS = double sharp. The
02400	accidental must follow the note letter with no space.
02500	
02600		An alternative method of indicating accidentals is by multiple key
02700	strokes on the note letters. A double letter is a flat, a triple letter is a
02800	sharp, a quadruple letter is a natural. E.g. CC = C flat, GGG = G sharp,
02900	BBBB = B natural.
03000	
03100		Of course a C may appear in any octave range. Numbers from 1 to 8 are
03200	 used to specify each particular octave. An octave range is considered to run
03300	from C up to the B above. C1 is the lowest C to be found on the piano keyboard.
03400	 C2 is the lowest string of the cello; C3 is the lowest string of the viola;
03500	C4 is middle C, or the lowest C of the flute; etc.
03600	
03700		The octave numbers need appear only when there are changes in octave
03800	range. A scale, up 2 octaves from middle C would be typed as follows:
03900		C4/D/E/F/G/A/B/C5/D/F/G/A/B/C6;
04000	
04100		An alternation between C5 and B4 several times normally requires that
04200	the octave numbers be typed for every note: C5/B4/C5/B4/C5/B4/ etc. To avoid
04300	typing so many numbers the letter "P" is used to indicate "Proximity mode."
04400	Proximity mode means simply that any note without an octave number will be
04500	considered to be as close as possible to the previous note. Once "P" appears
04600	Proximity mode is used until an "O" (for ordinary) appears. Using Proximity
04700	mode for the last example given the string would be typed as follows:
04800		PC5/B/C/B/C/B/ etc.
04900	
05000		Notice that PC5/G/ will put the G in octave 4, down a perfect fourth
05100	from the C. PC5/F/ will put the F in octave 5, a perfect fourth up from the C.
05200	
     

00100	
00200		Chords are constructed by using a colon between the notes instead of
00300	a slash. (The slash thus separates the individual rhythmic units.) The stem
00400	direction will be determined by the order of typing the notes. If the first
00500	note typed is the lowest, the stem goes up; if the first note is the highest,
00600	the stem will go down. In most cases the spacing out of accidentals and dots
00700	on chord notes and the positioning of notes on the proper side of the stem
00800	in close-knit chords will be automatic. Some examples: BF3:D4:F/ gives a Bb
00900	chord with the stem going up. F4:D:BF3/ gives the same chord, but with the
01000	stem going down. The Proximity mode feature will work here in the usual way.
01100	The same results as above can be had by typing PBF3:D:F/ and PF4:D:BF/.
01200	
01300		There is a special way of easily typing in octaves. A "+" following
01400	any note will cause it to appear along with its upper octave, stem going
01500	up. The "-" will cause the note to appear with its lower octave, stem going
01600	down. The rules about the persistence of octave numbers refer only to what
01700	is actually typed. For example, C4+/D+/E+/ will produce octaves with stems
01800	up as if you had typed C4:C5/D4:D5/E4:E5/.
01900	
02000		Chords that include octaves may be typed as follows: EF5-:CN:AF4/.
02100	This is the same as if you typed EF5:CN:AF4:EF/.
02200	
02300		If a number (n) from 2 to 9 is typed immediately following the "+"
02400	or "-" then a note at the interval n from the given note will appear. Thus
02500	the notes C4:A/E:C5/B3:G4/ could as well be typed C4+6/E+6/B3+6/. It should
02600	be noted that whatever accidental appears on the given note will also appear
02700	on the other note.
02800	
02900		The stem direction of single, non-chord notes are usually set
03000	automatically, according to the traditions of music printing. However, in
03100	multi-voice music it is often desired to have the stem direction go oppsite
03200	to the norm. SU/ (stems up) and SD/ (stems down) are used for this purpose.
03300	Once SU/ or SD/ appears in a given line of music the automatic system will
03400	no longer operate and from that point on all stem directions must be
03500	specified. When a new line of music is then typed the automatic system 
03600	begins to work again.
03700	
03800		Example: C5/B4/SD/A/G/SU/D/E;
03900	
04000		The B and C will have their stems down, as is normal. The A and G 
04100	will have their stems up except that SD/ has directed that the stems go down.
04200	Then SU/ makes the stems of the last two notes go up. Because of internal
04300	complications in the program it may be best to use SU/ or SD/ from the
04400	beginning of a line if they are to be used at all.
04500	
     

00100	
00200		In multi-staff music it is sometimes desired to put some of the notes
00300	of a string either on the staff above the principal staff or on the staff
00400	below. S+1/, (staff above) S-1/ (staff below) and S0/ (center staff) are used
00500	for this purpose. (Be sure that you don't try to put any notes on a staff
00600	below staff zero!) Usually you will want notes on the staff above to have
00700	their stems down and the notes on the staff below to have stems up. Use SU/
00800	and SD/ for this. Example: SU/F4/G/SD/S+/A/G/S0/SU/F/G/S-/E/F;  The first 2
00900	notes, F and G are on the principal staff with stems up. Then A and G are on
01000	the staff above with stems down. The next F and G return to the principal
01100	staff (S0/) with stems up. Finally the last E and F will be on the staff
01200	below with stems still up.
01300	
01400		Ordinary rests are entered as R/. The shape of the rest will be
01500	determined by the rhythm given later. To maintain proper spacing when there
01600	is a variable number of voices "invisible rests" (RI/) may be used. The use
01700	of RI/ will be dealt with later. To put a rest above the staff instead of in
01800	its usual position type RU/. (Rest, up). For a rest below the staff type RD/
01900	(Rest, down). RW/ will make a whole rest appear no matter what rhythmic value
02000	is given later. This is used in orchestral scores for complete measures of
02100	rests. RN/, where n is a number from 1 to 999, will print a whole rest with
02200	the number n above it. RR/ will print the symbol for the repeat of the
02300	previous measure  (./.).
02400	
02500		The four principal clefs are referred to by the first two letters of
02600	their names. TR = treble, BA = bass, AL = alto, TE = tenor. Sometimes it is
02700	desired to type in a line of music with no clef at the front. If no clef is
02800	mentioned the treble clef is assumed. If you want the notes to occupy vertical
02900	positions indicated by some other clef, type the clef letters preceded by a
03000	minus sign, e.g. -BA/C4/. In this case no bass clef will appear but the C
03100	(middle C) will appear on the first ledger line above the staff.
03200	
03300		The clef may be changed in the middle of a line. The first clef on
03400	each line will always be of the standard size. Any further clefs on the same
03500	line will appear in a smaller size. Only the four main clefs are provided for
03600	here, but any clef can be moved to any vertical position with the normal
03700	editing procedures.
03800	
03900		For key signatures type Kna/ where n = the number of accidentals and
04000	a = either F (flats) or S (sharps). To make a key signature of naturals, that
04100	is cancelling out a previous signature of either flats or sharps, type KnsN/
04200	where n = the numbers of accidentals and s = either a "+" or "-". "+" will put
04300	the naturals in the format of sharps and "-" will use the format of flats. The
04400	actual position of the accidental will depend on which clef was last entered
04500	for that line of music. If there has been no clef, treble clef is assumed.
04600	Non-standard key signatures may be entered outside of the SCORE notation
04700	system using code number 9. (See MS.REF)
     

00100	
00200		The time signature, or meter, is entered in the form Tn,m/ where
00300	n = the top number of the meter and m = the bottom number. To make the
00400	"common" time signature (C) type T99,1/. For "alla breve", T98,1/. To get a
00500	time signature of a single number appearing in the middle of the staff, type
00600	T0,m/ where m = the number to be printed. A space may be used in place of the
00700	comma.
00800	
00900		Bar lines are entered by means of M/. (M = measure.) M/ by itself
01000	puts a bar line from the bottom to the top of the staff. If a number follows,
01100	Mn/, it will indicate the total number of staves, going upward from the
01200	principal staff, to be encompassed by the bar line. If notes are being entered
01300	on staff zero and M4/ is typed, there will be a bar line extending from the
01400	bottom of staff zero to the top of staff 3 (four staves in all). Negative
01500	numbers may not be used. M1/ is the same as M/. MD/ will produce a double bar
01600	with the heavy bar to the right, such as is used at the end of a composition.
01700	A number may also be used with MD/. To get other forms of double bars and
01800	repeat bars use MD/ and then edit the result later.
01900	
02000		Before going on to rhythmic input it would be well to try a few lines 
02100	of note input. To get a fresh version of the program type <CALL>, then
02200	R MS <cr>. Now type IN <cr>. IN stands for "input". Since no numbers were 
02300	typed the default values for parameters 2 through 5 will be used. IN is P1.
02400	P2 = staff number, P3 = particular input mode, P4 = relative vertical position
02500	of staff, P5 = staff size factor. If no staff at the level given in P2 is
02600	presently on the screen one will now appear, using the P4 and P5 values.
02700	Input mode (P3) will be discussed later.
02800	
02900		So, at this point a standard staff should appear at the bottom of the
03000	screen. the program will tell you, "TYPE NOTES". Try the following:
03100	
03200		TR/K3F/T4 4/E4/G/B/E5/M/D/C/B4/ <cr>
03300		A/M/G/MD; <cr>
03400	
03500		The program will now type "POS1, POS2, (SPC)". POS1 and POS2 will be
03600	numbers indicating the limits (0 to 200) of your input. The use of "SPC" will
03700	be covered later. If you type simply <cr> at this point POS1 will be taken as
03800	0, POS2 will be 200 and SPC will equal zero. After <cr> is typed the notes
03900	should appear across the screen with roughly equal spacing and the program
04000	will then say, "TYPE 9 RHYTHMS". If at this time we want to retype the notes,
04100	type 99 (99 = Backup) and the message "TYPE NOTES" will reappear. (Type 999
04200	to escape from SCORE input mode entirely.) Having typed 99, then type the
04300	following:
04400		 BA/K4S/T99,1/PE4/B/GN/FN/M/E2+/TR/E5-/D:B/C:F4/FN:GN:B:DN/M;
04500	
     

00100	
00200		For "POS1, POS2, (SPC)" type 50 150 <cr>. Now notes will appear in the 
00300	central part of the staff. Check the results and then type 999 to escape from
00400	SCORE input mode.
00500	
00600		For the next exercise three staves will be used. The staff zero that
00700	was created by earlier having typed "IN" is still on the screen. The three
00800	staves to be used will be created by editing the one already present. Type
00900	I <cr>. This goes into edit mode for item 1, the only item now present. The
01000	central staff for the next example will be staff one. Also the staves will be
01100	of reduced size, .8. For this type 2 1 5 .8 <cr> <cr>. The second <cr> will
01200	make the program exit from edit mode immediately after having drawn the staff
01300	one. Now type "I" again. Then, 2 0 4 6 <cr> C <cr>. This puts a copy of item
01400	one back at staff position zero but now raised up 6 note level units. (P4 = 6)
01500	Again type "I". Now we are editing item 2. Type 2 2 4 -6 <cr> C <cr>. A third
01600	staff appears, at position 2, moved 6 units below the standard height. We now
01700	have three equally spaced staves.
01800	
01900		For input to go on staff one type IN 1. Now try:
02000	
02100		TR/SU/C4/E/SD/S+/C5/R/A4/M2/G/S0/SU/F/E/ <CR>
02200		S-/E5/F/G/S0/C4/M2; <CR> <CR>
02300	
02400		The second <cr> is the response to the prompt, "POS1, POS2,(SPC).
02500	(Sometimes prompts may be delayed a few seconds because of time sharing. It
02600	is always possible to type ahead of the appearance of prompts just so long as
02700	one is sure of the results.)
02800	
02900		The bar lines will be seen going from staff one to the top of staff
03000	two. Later on it will be explained how these may be edited to run from staff
03100	zero to staff two. The clef appears only on staff one. Other clefs will be
03200	made with the edit and copy system.
03300	
03400		Using this example we will go on to rhythmic input. The different
03500	forms of rhythmic indications will be discussed first. A rhythmic value must
03600	be given for each note (or chord) and each rest. The rhythmic value given
03700	will determine the note type and number of tails, etc, as well as the
03800	relative spacing of the note in the string.
03900	
04000		The most common rhythmic values may be entered with letter names.
04100	S/ = 1/16, E/ = 1/8, Q/ = 1/4, H/ = 1/2. W/ = whole note, D/ = double whole
04200	note (longa). Also G/ = grace note and T/ = triplet (1/3 of a quarter note).
04300	For the other triple divisions two letters are used, the second letter
04400	refering to non-triple value of the note. TS/ = 1/16 note triplet, or 1/3 of
04500	an 1/8 note. TE/ is the same as just T/. TQ/ = 1/4 note triplet, or 1/3 of a
04600	1/2 note. TH/ = 1/3 of  a whole note. The letter "T" can be used with these
04700	other letters only, it cannot be used with rhythmic numbers.
04800	
04900		Any rhythmic value, no matter how complex, may be entered as a
05000	number. This number will always be the value of how many such equal units
05100	will add up to the value of a whole note. Or, put another way, these numbers
05200	will always be the denominator of the rhythmic fraction where the numerator
05300	is kept at one. Thus 16/ = sixteenth note, 4/ = Quarter note, etc. 12/ = a
05400	triplet, or one third of a quarter note. (There are 12 of these in the time
05500	of whole note.) 20/ = quintuplet, or one fifth of a quarter note. A double
05600	whole note would be typed as .5/. Unusual rhythms may be figured with the
05700	following formula: m = 4 X a / b. "a" is the number of equal divisions of
05800	the number of quarter notes in the basic time unit "b". For example given
05900	7 in the time of a dotted half. a = 7 and b = 3 (there are 3 quarters in a
06000	dotted half). n = 4 X 7 / 3 = 9.333. Each note is a 1/9.333 note. Another
06100	example: 5 in the time of a quarter note triplet, that is, a third of a half
06200	note. A half note equals two quarters so b = 2/3. n = 4 X 5 / (2/3) = 30.
06300	Each note is a 1/30 note.
06400	
     

00100	
00200		Dots and double dots may be added to either the letters or numeric
00300	representations of rhythm and both letters and numbers may be used in the
00400	same line.
00500		8./8/Q/2/H../ etc.
00600		
00700		In all the simpler cases, the common rhythms, triplets, quintuplets,
00800	etc., the proper tails and dots will appear on the notes but some editing
00900	may be necessary in very complex cases. The spacing of the notes will always
01000	be done correctly however. At this point the screen should have the message
01100	"TYPE 12 RHYTHMS". Try the following:
01200		Q./8/4/E//S////2/E/;
01300	
01400		When consecutive slashes appear, the last typed number or letter will
01500	be repeated. In this regard the concluding semi-colon has the same affect as
01600	a slash. This same feature is available at the time of typing in the notes.
01700	
01800		Remember that chords represent a single rhythmic unit. Thus multiple
01900	slashes following a chord will repeat the entire chord. D:F:A/// will produce
02000	three D minor chords. Accidentals on a note or chord followed by multiple
02100	slashes will disappear after their first appearance. This is in agreement
02200	with the traditions of musical notation. D:FS:BF/// will produce 3 chords but
02300	only the first one will have accidentals. If repeated accidentals are desired
02400	then the entire chord must be typed for each appearance.
02500	
02600		Now notes will be spaced according to their rhythmic values with a
02700	certain amount of space also taken for the clef and the bar lines. The CRT
02800	will have the prompt "ADD MARKS?" The possible responses are "Y", "N", "G",
02900	99 or 999. 999 will escape from SCORE input mode and everthing entered since
03000	the third staff will dissappear. 99 will back up to the rhythm prompt. G stands
03100	for "go" and will exit from SCORE mode with no further prompts. N stands for
03200	"no" and will continue to the next prompt. Y (= yes) will be answered by the
03300	prompt "TYPE". Type Y <cr>.
03400	
03500		You will have noticed a series of numbers lined up with the notes on
03600	the screen. These are reference numbers for the next forms of input. Most
03700	marks are entered in the format: note reference number, code letter, slash,
03800	with the last slash of input being replaced by a semicolon. There is an
03900	extensive list of marks that may be entered here. A few examples will be given.
04000	See MS.REF for the complete list.
04100	
04200		A = accent, S = staccato, T = tenuto, FE = fermato.
04300	
04400		The above and several other marks will become part of the parameter
04500	list for a particular note.
04600	
     

00100	
00200		Some other musical indications may be entered in this manner which
00300	will become independant items. They are entered at this point because their
00400	horizontal position will be relative to certain notes. The vertical
00500	positioning will be automatic. All these items may be used to put an item
00600	somewhere between two notes. Some of the items that can be used in this
00700	manner are the standard dynamic marks: PPP, PP, P, MP, MF, F, FF, FFF.
00800	1.5 P/ puts a "p" half way between notes 1 and 2. .5P/ would put it half way
00900	between the beginning of the line and the first note. In the line on the
01000	screeen at this point, 11.5 P/ would put a "p" half way between the last note
01100	(11) and the end of the line.
01200	
01300		The linear crescendo and decescendo signs are indicated by C+ and C-.
01400	The format is n1 z n2/ where z is C+ or C- and n1 is left position, in note
01500	reference units, of the symbol and n2 is the right position. 6 C+ 10.8/ would
01600	enter a crescendo sign starting under the sixth note and extending to a bit
01700	before the eleventh note.
01800	
01900		At this point type the following; and check the results.
02000		1 S/1 A/1 MP/5 8 S/5 PP/6.5 C+ 9.8/10 A/ <CR>
02100		10 F/11 FE; <CR>
02200	
02300		Now the program will say "ADD BEAMS?" The same response may be made
02400	here as after the previous prompt. However an additional response is possible
02500	if all the beams involved are of a consistent form. For this response type
02600	nB <cr> where n = the number of eighth notes to be connected by each beam.
02700	In 2/4, 3/4 or 4/4 time the usual response would be 2B <cr>. With these time
02800	signatures it is usual to connect by beams any rhythmic configuration of up
02900	to 2 eighth notes duration. Meters such as 6/8, 3/8 or 9/8 would use 3B <cr>.
03000	3/16 or 6/16 would use 1.5B <cr> If there is a pick-up (or ancrusis) at the
03100	begining of the line which begins after the usual boundry of a beam this may
03200	be taken into account by adding another number after the letter "B". This
03300	number will be how many notes and how many rests (i.e. rhythmic units) are
03400	to be ignored before the automatic beaming process begins. In the case of a
03500	single 1/8 note pick-up to a 4/4 meter one would type 2B1 <cr>.
03600	
03700		When the automatic beam process is used the stem directions of the
03800	notes involved will be adjusted according to the traditions of music printing.
03900	However if SU/ or SD/ have been used in the first step of input then the
04000	specified stem dirctions will prevail.
04100	
04200		If there are irregularities in the rhythmic groupings under the
04300	various beams then type "Y" to the "ADD BEAMS ?" prompt. In this case pairs
04400	of numbers followed by a slash are expected. The numbers here will be the 
04500	note reference numbers. These will show the begining and ending note of each
04600	beam. (Notice that rests are ignored here.) In regard to the example on the
04700	screen one could type 5 8/10 11/; <cr>. (In this particular case it would be
04800	the same as typing 2B earlier.)
04900